Temporal trend of COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates and their relationship with socioeconomic indicators in the state of Piauí, Brazil: an ecological study, 2020-2021. / Tendência temporal das taxas de incidência e de mortalidade por COVID-19 e sua relação com indicadores socioeconômicos no Piauí: estudo ecológico, 2020-2021.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the temporal trend of COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates and their relationship with socioeconomic indicators. METHODS: This was an ecological time series study of COVID-19 cases/deaths in municipalities in Piauí, Brazil, between March, 2020 and May, 2021. Prais-Winsten linear regression model and Spearman's correlation test were used. RESULTS: There were 271,228 cases and 5,888 deaths in the period. There was a rising trend in COVID-19 incidence rate, while the mortality trend was stable. The spatio-temporal analyses showed higher incidence/mortality in the second and fifth quarters of the period. There was no statistically significant correlation between COVID-19 and the Social Vulnerability Index (IVS). Significant correlations between the Municipal Human Development Index (IDHM) and COVID-19 incidence (p-value < 0.001) and mortality rates (p-value < 0.001) were found. CONCLUSION: There was a rising trend in COVID-19 incidence and stability in COVID-19 mortality. Correlation between the MHDI and these two indicators was moderate and weak, respectively, demanding public service management decisions aimed at improving the population's quality of life.

Tendência temporal das taxas de incidência e de mortalidade por COVID-19 e sua relação com indicadores socioeconômicos no Piauí: estudo ecológico, 2020-2021 / Tendencia temporal de las tasas de incidencia y mortalidad por COVID-19 y su relación con indicadores socioeconómicos en el estado de Piauí, Brasil: estudio ecológico, 2020-2021 / Temporal trend of COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates and their relationship with socioeconomic indicators in the state of Piauí, Brazil: an ecological study, 2020-2021

Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal das taxas de incidência e de mortalidade por COVID-19 e sua relação com indicadores socioeconômicos. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de série temporal sobre casos/óbitos por COVID-19 em municípios do Piauí, Brasil, de março de 2020 a maio de 2021. Foram utilizados o modelo de regressão linear de Prais-Winsten e o teste de correlação de Spearman. Resultados: Houve 271.228 casos e 5.888 óbitos, com tendência crescente na incidência e estável na mortalidade por COVID-19. Análises espaço-temporais demonstraram maior incidência/mortalidade no segundo e no quinto trimestres do período. Não houve correlação estatisticamente significativa entre COVID-19 e índice de vulnerabilidade social (IVS). Foram observadas correlações significativas do índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal (IDHM) com taxas de incidência (p-valor < 0,001) e de mortalidade (p-valor < 0,001) pela doença. Conclusão: Houve tendência crescente na taxa de incidência e estabilidade na mortalidade por COVID-19, e respectivamente correlação moderada e fraca desses indicadores com o IDHM, demandando decisões de gestão voltadas à melhoria na qualidade de vida da população.

Objetivo: Analizar la tendencia temporal de las tasas de incidencia y mortalidad por COVID-19 y su relación con indicadores socioeconómicos. Métodos: Estudio de serie temporal ecológica de casos/muertes por COVID-19 en municipios de Piauí, Brasil, entre marzo de 2020 y mayo de 2021. Se utilizaron el modelo de regresión lineal de Prais-Winsten y la prueba de correlación de Spearman. Resultados: Hubo 271.228 casos y 5.888 defunciones en período. Hubo una tendencia creciente en la tasa de incidencia y estabilidad en la mortalidad por COVID-19. Los análisis espacio-temporales mostraron mayor incidencia/mortalidad en segundo/quinto trimestre del período. No hubo una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre COVID-19 y el índice de vulnerabilidad social (IVS). Se observaron correlaciones significativas entre índice de desarrollo humano municipal (IDHM) e incidencia (p-valor < 0,001) y mortalidad (p-valor < 0,001) por COVID-19. Conclusión: Hubo una tendencia creciente en la incidencia de COVID-19 y estabilidad en mortalidad por la enfermedad. Hubo correlación moderada y débil de estos indicadores con IDHM, exigiendo decisiones encaminadas a mejorar la calidad de vida de la población en los ámbitos de gestión.

Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of COVID-19 incidence and mortality rates and their relationship with socioeconomic indicators. Methods: This was an ecological time series study of COVID-19 cases/deaths in municipalities in Piauí, Brazil, between March, 2020 and May, 2021. Prais-Winsten linear regression model and Spearman's correlation test were used. Results: There were 271,228 cases and 5,888 deaths in the period. There was a rising trend in COVID-19 incidence rate, while the mortality trend was stable. The spatio-temporal analyses showed higher incidence/mortality in the second and fifth quarters of the period. There was no statistically significant correlation between COVID-19 and the Social Vulnerability Index (IVS). Significant correlations between the Municipal Human Development Index (IDHM) and COVID-19 incidence (p-value < 0.001) and mortality rates (p-value < 0.001) were found. Conclusion: There was a rising trend in COVID-19 incidence and stability in COVID-19 mortality. Correlation between the MHDI and these two indicators was moderate and weak, respectively, demanding public service management decisions aimed at improving the population's quality of life.